>>/48586/
While one could make abstractions, find common themes, deduce underlaying rules, set up criteria, etc. the individual cases will be different enough if we take closer look. Geography is certainly a decisive factor for state and country formation, how the people live there. Other circumstances, like the historical background, and starting point also matters. The fate of Americas were all changed and basically all parts of it was put to a similar course when the colonizers set their foot onto the shores from their ships arriving from the motherland, and then they spread from the shores to inland.
I think historians, political scientists and the like view the region of the Eurasian steppes wrong. There are people with different ideas ofc, but they are fairly marginal. I'll take now an idea, a fragment of an idea, and will add a couple more fragments.
Eurasia should be viewed as a big pond, or a quite unusual river flowing in two directions, with ditches and banks on each (Eastern and Western) end, trying to deflect the flood, keep the water out. These banks are such empires as the Roman and the Chinese. Maybe even the southern borders with Iran and India are in similar position. In this giant region too empires formed but they are more changeable, more fluid, than what the brick people (Roman, Chinese, Iranian, Indian) build on the periphery. And they create waves as they emerge and put the water in motion, which then run towards the banks, sometimes over it causing floods and crises and changes. The point of emergence is always a different place, and when the flood reaches to the end will differ. The last wave was pushed by the Russian colonialism towards the East. The Mongol blokes appearing in this war with Ukraine now as soldiers are the waves reflected back from the Eastern banks (there were earlier waves too, it's like when one pebble causes many waves in a puddle, and stones are thrown generously into the Eurasian pond). The Central Asians appearing in European Russia is the sames.
Compared to this the countries emerging from the overseas colonies will have a very different fate, organization, and behviour.