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https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=uGKd-pD4aPg
Here is a youtube video I found after a quick search comparing the old and new ones. 
There are some places that only take cash but more and more places have cashless options and a lot of restaurants will have both a cash and cashless register. But places like ramen shops mostly still use the same old ordering machines that both only take cash and do not register the new bills yet.
There are a lot of popular cashless payment apps and stuff here though like PayPay. 
Honestly not a fan of the new bills, I think the old ones look better. One of my Japanese friends described the new ones as looking like toy money and now I can't unsee it. Mainly because of the font for the amount of money.
I think its possible under the right circumstances, and it seems pretty close to those circumstances right now. That being, most people heavily dislike the LDP but they also recognize that they are objectively better than all the other parties which are mostly unorganized leftist losers. 

It is not a question of if but when, in my mind.