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Mopping up left for the invaders, the remnants of the military dispersed. Some tried to give themselves up some put the border into target and left, officials and even a few civilians did similarly. The Ottoman Empire was a first station, there they could gain asylum, few stayed, most left to west. Kossuth himself went to Paris, London, America, tried to drum up support for the cause of the Revolution, he lived the rest of his life for this. The Emigration made this for its profession, rekindling the resistance, renew the struggle. They tried to exploit every possibility, great opportunities were the unification of Italy and Germany. Veterans of the War of Independence fought in great numbers in Italy, some even in the American Civil War*.
At home the iron fist smashed down with brutality, Haynau made sure of that. Officers and officials whom they could arrest were executed by the hundreds others imprisoned for a long time. Simple soldiers were press-ganged into the imperial army. On 6th October, the thirteen martyr, 12 generals and a colonel was executed at Arad (Bernd might remember), the Prime Minister of the first government was shot at Pest.
It's an enigma how Görgey got away with being the most prominent general of the Defence Force. He was relocated to Klagenfurt where he lived till 1867 in relative freedom, although he couldn't leave and couldn't get a job and had to live on the bare minimum provided by the Habsburg state. The most recent version of the speculation is, that after he fell into Russian captivity the Tsar threatened the Emperor, that they will bring Görgey to Russia as a badge of their triumph if they don't give him amnesty. Or they wanted to use the young (he was 31!) and talented general against the Habsburgs in case of a war. I think historians give rationalizations of dubious value, but if he really wasn't a traitor or an agent of the Habsburg Court (probably wasn't either), it is very likely the Russians pressured Franz Joseph and Haynau to leave him alone.
* Here's a list of their names, saidly no English page:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_amerikai_polg%C3%A1rh%C3%A1bor%C3%BA_magyar_r%C3%A9sztvev%C5%91inek_list%C3%A1ja
First seven are generals.