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>>/35517/ With Báthory quite a few Hungarians arrived to Poland, nobles, officials, priests, scientists, artists, chiefly to help him, but he also acted as a maecenas. It is a safe bet to assume with previous "exchanges" of rulers a certain amount of Hungarians went to Poland, and Poles arrived to here. But they were from the upper echelons of society can't really consider them as relation of the two people. This relation started in the late 17th century, when a movement rose in our kingdom which simplistically can be called as anti-Habsburg. It had religious taint as well, but chiefly was a centralization-decentralization struggle. On one level the court pursued absolutist notions, on the other they wanted to integrate our kingdom into their empire, rule it via the empire's administration and not as a separate state. The background for all that was the receding Ottoman grip on the occupied third of the country. In the struggle the so called kuruc movement formed, and it culminated in the 1703-11 Rákóczi War of Independence, and the first dethronement of the Habsburgs (Rákóczi Ferenc II was offered the Crown by the Diet, he refused he was fine with the "dux et princeps" titles, interesting fact: as a foreshadow of 1848 and the disintegration of feudal ties, they also introduced universal taxation). Now the fighters of the kuruc side - from the lowly peasants to the highest nobility - often found refuge on Polish lands, where they were welcomed fairly and allowed to reorganize and put together new ventures.