>>/36913/
I've tried to find similar image in Google and in some random popular books about rockets - there is none, sadly. Although they were numerous and rarely posted fully on web.
It is interesting because it doesn't resemble any real rocket (or illustrator too freely understood concept of stages), so it is pre-60, I think.
Or he tried to make Tsiolkovsky model as you said, but also somewhat freely. Maybe you are right, it is clearly inspired by him.
But this is not original 19th century drawing, at least it doesn't look like this.