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> which led to the universities, which led to scientific thought.
Scientific thought was already established in antiquity by ancient greeks as they are the first one in the world how world come to existence and such with non religious explanation. That's how natural sciences occurred and medieval universities until rennessaince was mostly about theology which does not uses scientific methods at all.
So supposed universities leading scientific thought is simply wrong. Such theological "universities" also existed in islamic era not to mention there were secularized "madrasas" with all about science and philosophy and religion was kept at minimum. House of wisdom is older than oldest universit in europe and mind you those universities and modern ones one thing in common, it's the name itself.