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Importing illegals from Africa into developed countries is bringing with it this crap. The real three strain OPV Vax was replaced in 2016 with a two strain. Guess what's breaking out !!!
WHO's Michel Zaffran, who leads GPEI, says there's room to make better use of mOPV2 by detecting outbreaks sooner, getting money and vaccines to countries earlier, and reaching more children. "There are things we can do even without a new tool," agrees Jay Wenger of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a partner in GPEI.
But hopes are pinned on a novel OPV (called nOPV2) that doesn't revert so easily. A Gates-funded research consortium is developing two candidates, each with changes at multiple nucleotides to increase genetic stability. Small phase I clinical trials suggested both trigger an immune response and are safe and unlikely to regain virulence. Phase II studies are underway in Belgium and Panama, but GPEI has already started to manufacture one candidate and hopes to have at least 100 million doses available this summer. GPEI is also pushing for an Emergency Use Listing, a never-before-used WHO mechanism that would enable the program to deploy the vaccine while it collects more data.
It's a risky strategy. The vaccine could fail or be delayed, and it won't solve all the problems. It won't be better at stopping outbreaks, just less likely to seed new ones. How much less likely remains to be seen. "Even if it is just 100 times safer, that will still be a big benefit," Wenger says, but the program is hoping for more.
Sutter worries GPEI is "putting all of its eggs into the nOPV basket." The novel vaccine could quickly lose its genetic stability if it exchanges key chunks of DNA with related viruses, he says. But how often these critical "recombination events" occur won't be known until the vaccine is used in larger populations. GPEI's Independent Monitoring Board noted recently that the program is "rather starry-eyed" about nOPV2's prospects.
If novel OPV2 doesn't work or vaccine-derived outbreaks spiral out of control before it is ready, the program might have little choice but to resurrect trivalent live vaccine, which would reintroduce immunity against type 2 in young children while maintaining protection against serotypes 1 and 3. The vaccine might be used in campaigns across Africa, reintroduced into routine immunization, or both.
https://www.science.org/content/article/polio-eradication-program-faces-hard-choices-endgame-strategy-fails?cookieSet=1