This article is about the planet. For the Roman god, see Jupiter (mythology). For other uses, see Jupiter (disambiguation). Jupiter Astronomical symbol of Jupiter An image of Jupiter taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Near-true colour view in 2019[a] Designations Pronunciation /ˈdʒuːpɪtər/ (About this soundlisten)[1] Adjectives Jovian Orbital characteristics[6] Epoch J2000 Aphelion 816.62 million km (5.4588 AU) Perihelion 740.52 million km (4.9501 AU) Semi-major axis 778.57 million km (5.2044 AU) Eccentricity 0.0489 Orbital period 11.862 yr 4,332.59 d 10,475.8 Jovian solar days[2] Synodic period 398.88 d Average orbital speed 13.07 km/s (8.12 mi/s) Mean anomaly 20.020°[3] Inclination 1.303° to ecliptic[3] 6.09° to Sun's equator[3] 0.32° to invariable plane[4] Longitude of ascending node 100.464° Argument of perihelion 273.867°[3] Known satellites 79 (as of 2018)[5] Physical characteristics[6][14][15] Mean radius 69,911 km (43,441 mi)[b] Equatorial radius 71,492 km (44,423 mi)[b] 11.209 Earths Polar radius 66,854 km (41,541 mi)[b] 10.517 Earths Flattening 0.06487 Surface area 6.1419×1010 km2 (2.3714×1010 sq mi)[b][7] 121.9 Earths Volume 1.4313×1015 km3 (3.434×1014 cu mi)[b] 1,321 Earths Mass 1.8982×1027 kg (4.1848×1027 lb) 317.8 Earths 1/1047 Sun[8] Mean density 1,326 kg/m3 (2,235 lb/cu yd)[c] Surface gravity 24.79 m/s2 (81.3 ft/s2)[b] 2.528 g Moment of inertia factor 0.2756±0.0006[9] Escape velocity 59.5 km/s (37.0 mi/s)[b] Sidereal rotation period 9.925 hours[10] (9 h 55 m 30 s) Equatorial rotation velocity 12.6 km/s (7.8 mi/s; 45,000 km/h) Axial tilt 3.13° (to orbit) North pole right ascension 268.057°; 17h 52m 14s North pole declination 64.495° Albedo 0.503 (Bond)[11] 0.538 (geometric)[12] Surface temp. min mean max 1 bar level 165 K (−108 °C) 0.1 bar 112 K (−161 °C) Apparent magnitude −2.94[13] to −1.66[13] Angular diameter 29.8″ to 50.1″ Atmosphere[6] Surface pressure 20–200 kPa;[16] 70 kPa[17] Scale height 27 km (17 mi) Composition by volume by volume: 89%±2.0% hydrogen (H 2) 10%±2.0% helium (He) 0.3%±0.1% methane (CH 4) 0.026%±0.004% ammonia (NH 3) 0.0028%±0.001% hydrogen deuteride (HD) 0.0006%±0.0002% ethane (C 2H 6) 0.0004%±0.0004% water (H 2O) Ices: ammonia (NH 3) water (H 2O) ammonium hydrosulfide (NH 4SH) Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two-and-a-half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter has been known to astronomers since antiquity.[18] It is named after the Roman god Jupiter.[19] When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can be bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows,[20] and is on average the third-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter