This article is about the planet. For the Roman god, see Jupiter (mythology). For other uses, see Jupiter (disambiguation).
Jupiter Astronomical symbol of Jupiter
An image of Jupiter taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope
Near-true colour view in 2019[a]
Designations
Pronunciation /ˈdʒuːpɪtər/ (About this soundlisten)[1]
Adjectives Jovian
Orbital characteristics[6]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion 816.62 million km (5.4588 AU)
Perihelion 740.52 million km (4.9501 AU)
Semi-major axis
778.57 million km (5.2044 AU)
Eccentricity 0.0489
Orbital period
11.862 yr
4,332.59 d
10,475.8 Jovian solar days[2]
Synodic period
398.88 d
Average orbital speed
13.07 km/s (8.12 mi/s)
Mean anomaly
20.020°[3]
Inclination
1.303° to ecliptic[3]
6.09° to Sun's equator[3]
0.32° to invariable plane[4]
Longitude of ascending node
100.464°
Argument of perihelion
273.867°[3]
Known satellites 79 (as of 2018)[5]
Physical characteristics[6][14][15]
Mean radius
69,911 km (43,441 mi)[b]
Equatorial radius
71,492 km (44,423 mi)[b]
11.209 Earths
Polar radius
66,854 km (41,541 mi)[b]
10.517 Earths
Flattening 0.06487
Surface area
6.1419×1010 km2 (2.3714×1010 sq mi)[b][7]
121.9 Earths
Volume
1.4313×1015 km3 (3.434×1014 cu mi)[b]
1,321 Earths
Mass
1.8982×1027 kg (4.1848×1027 lb)
317.8 Earths
1/1047 Sun[8]
Mean density
1,326 kg/m3 (2,235 lb/cu yd)[c]
Surface gravity
24.79 m/s2 (81.3 ft/s2)[b]
2.528 g
Moment of inertia factor
0.2756±0.0006[9]
Escape velocity
59.5 km/s (37.0 mi/s)[b]
Sidereal rotation period
9.925 hours[10] (9 h 55 m 30 s)
Equatorial rotation velocity
12.6 km/s (7.8 mi/s; 45,000 km/h)
Axial tilt
3.13° (to orbit)
North pole right ascension
268.057°; 17h 52m 14s
North pole declination
64.495°
Albedo 0.503 (Bond)[11]
0.538 (geometric)[12]
Surface temp. min mean max
1 bar level 165 K (−108 °C)
0.1 bar 112 K (−161 °C)
Apparent magnitude
−2.94[13] to −1.66[13]
Angular diameter
29.8″ to 50.1″
Atmosphere[6]
Surface pressure
20–200 kPa;[16] 70 kPa[17]
Scale height
27 km (17 mi)
Composition by volume by volume:
89%±2.0% hydrogen (H
2)
10%±2.0% helium (He)
0.3%±0.1% methane (CH
4)
0.026%±0.004% ammonia (NH
3)
0.0028%±0.001% hydrogen deuteride (HD)
0.0006%±0.0002% ethane (C
2H
6)
0.0004%±0.0004% water (H
2O)
Ices:
ammonia (NH
3)
water (H
2O)
ammonium hydrosulfide (NH
4SH)
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two-and-a-half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter has been known to astronomers since antiquity.[18] It is named after the Roman god Jupiter.[19] When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can be bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows,[20] and is on average the third-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter