PB REMINDER Information Warfare: Issues for Congress March 5, 2018 R45142 Information warfare is hardly a new endeavor. In the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC, Persian ruler Xerxes used intimidation tactics to break the will of Greek city-states. Alexander the Great used cultural assimilation to subdue dissent and maintain conquered lands. Military scholars trace the modern use of information as a tool in guerilla warfare to fifth-century BC Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu’s book The Art of War and its emphasis on accurate intelligence for decision superiority over a mightier foe. These ancient strategists helped to lay the foundation for information warfare strategy in modern times.... Table of Contents Introduction: What Is Information Warfare? Information Warfare Strategy vs. Information Operations Information Operations Information Warfare-Related Terms Types of Information Information Operations in Cyberspace Who Is Responsible for the "I" in DIME? Case Studies: IW in Practice Information and Guerilla Warfare Nation States and Terrorist Organizations Russia China Islamic State North Korea Iran Acts of War and Other Questions for Congress [38 page pdf available for download] https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R45142.html