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Modular Vaccine Approach
A tailorable platform that supports safe and simple manufacture of target antigens at high capacity has the potential to rapidly respond to an emerging disease. Most vaccine platform technologies consist of a platform base carrier (Fig. 1 ) that is amendable to modularization with target antigenic components of pathogens (known as modules). Independently, these components exhibit weak immunogenicity and poor stability. To harness the immunostimulatory properties of such antigens, platform carriers are engineered and developed to enhance the antigenicity but without the infectious trait of pathogens. Such engineering also allows the production of novel vaccine candidates that cannot be obtained through traditional methods (attenuation and inactivation). Basic research to determine suitable modules with antigenic potential is a prerequisite of this modular approach, yet the use of generic platforms supports streamlined and standardized vaccine development, potentially reducing the cost of development.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115529/