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> Does this already account for darkvision? What about creatures without?
Darkvision specifically says it raises light levels 1 step, so Dim becomes normal and normal becomes bright. Most dungeons have dim lighting from candles or glowing mushrooms or natural light coming in. I will amend it to say only directed bright light will have the bonus +1d4 not static in-situ light.
> if the light is bright and dynamic +1d4
The movement of light and shadow may reveal illusions, show nuances, or defeat camouflage and such.
If the light is dim, the colors are washed out, it's effectively night vision so dark vision will enhance the light to normal but without color. It will matter only to me, you will see a normal roll but the DC may be higher, however, you won't know. Using a dynamic bright light *may* lower the DC 1d4. This also applies to blindsight, there is no color.
Animals and creatures who don't have dark vision will suffer the penalty due to dim light conditions. I would rather apply it to raise DC rather than include a -=1d4 in the roll.
Enemies will obviously see the light. I will allow that hooded lanterns have a shutter that will block the light perfectly. See the Lantern in "A Tell-Tale Heart." If it's lit, it lasts a number of hours whether the shutters are open or not.
If you are holding the lantern and it's bright, yes, they will see you as well as if you were in broad daylight.
Stealth is negated, "while you're Heavily Obscured or behind Three-Quarters Cover or Total Cover," but if there's a light source and shadows coming from behind rocks then they'll see that. A lantern with the shutter shut doesn't count against it.
So, if you have a hooded lantern and enough oil you can set it to auto shut and open it only when you're investigating. I presume you'll blow it out during rest but it will be on during travel at night unless you don't want it on. Remember that creatures with intelligence 7 or below will be frightened by lights in the dark and those with intelligence 8 or over will be alerted or even attracted. So A lantern will prevent rat ambushes but help goblin ambushes.
Frightened is the same as in the rules, they will not be able to move toward you until they know what you are, so say entering their room so that the light can raise ambient levels and they can make you out.
I'm not going to be too strict with these, I mostly didn't like the disadvantage for dim light, it seemed harsh, and seeing in total darkness seemed overpowered and unrealistic unless it's magic like truesight. Truesight does have bonuses to perception as we discussed previously.
So let's keep it simple, don't worry too much about it, use a hooded lantern if you want to, perception wrt color is rare, most rooms are dim lighting unless otherwise specified. In my opinion a single candle sitting on a desk can light an entire room to dim. Magic candles that don't get used up apply. Even a bunch of candles still cast dim light. A fire, lantern, torch, etc. have rules to how far the normal light extends, usually 30ft, then dim for 30 more feet.