Authored by Michael Lebowitz via RealInvestmentAdvice.com,
Last Friday, Gross Domestic Product (GDP or the domestic economic growth rate) for the fourth quarter of 2017 was released. Despite being 0.3% short of expectations at 2.6% annual growth, it nonetheless produced enthusiasm as witnessed by the S&P 500 which jumped 25 points. One of the reasons for the optimism following the release was a strong showing of the consumer which notched 2.80% growth in real personal consumption. The consumer, representing about 70% of GDP, is the single most important factor driving economic growth and therefore we owe it to ourselves to better understand what drove that growth. This knowledge, in turn, allows us to better assess its durability.
There are three core means which govern the ability of individuals to spend. The most obvious is income and wages earned. To help gauge the effect of changes in income we rely on disposable income, or the amount of money left to spend after accounting for required expenses. Real disposable personal income in the fourth quarter, the same quarter for which GDP data was released, grew at a 1.80% year over year rate. While other indicators of wage growth are slightly higher, we must consider that payroll gains are not evenly distributed throughout the economy. In fact as shown below 80% of workers continue to see flat to declining growth in their wages.
While this may have accounted for some of the growth in consumption we need to consider the two other means of spending over which consumers have control, savings and credit card debt.
Savings: Last month the savings rate in the United States registered one of the lowest levels ever recorded in the past 70 years. In fact, the only time it was lower was in a brief period occurring right before the 2008/09 recession. At a rate of 2.6%, consumers are spending 97.4% of disposable income. The graph below shows how this compares historically.
As shown above, the savings rate is less than half of that which occurred since the 2008/09 recession and well below prior periods.
There are two ways to think about the record low level of savings. Optimistically, we can claim that consumers are confident about future job prospects and wage growth and therefore feel as though they do not need to save. More realistically, we can assume that consumers are in a bind and are reducing their savings to make ends meet. More recently, the higher price of education and health coverage are likely culprits for pushing consumers to skimp on savings.
Credit Card Debt: In addition to reducing savings to meet basic needs or even splurge for extra goods, one can also use credit card debt. Confirming our suspicion about savings, a recent sharp increase in revolving credit (credit card debt) is likely another sign consumers are having trouble maintaining their standard of living. Over the last four quarters revolving credit growth has increased at just under 6% annually which is almost twice as fast as disposable income. Further, the 6% credit card growth rate is about three times faster than that of the years following the recession of 2008/09.
Adjusted GDP
While the GDP data represents actual consumption, we again ask if it is sustainable. In the case of the last few quarters, in particular, we must answer that question based on the ability for savings to decline further and credit card usage to remain high. As such, we normalized GDP based on the savings rates and credit card usage growth of the post-recession era. In our opinion, this gives us a realistic reading of what GDP would be like without the benefits of sharply reduced savings rates and unsustainable usage of credit cards.
Savings: If we recalculate the amount of consumption that would have occurred had the savings rate remained at the post-recession savings rate of 5.50%, we compute that $281 billion of savings was sacrificed over the last four quarters.
Credit Cards: The amount of revolving debt has been increasing at 6% annually over the last four quarters which is double the rate of income, or the ability to pay for the debt. If we assume instead a more normal 3% usage growth rate, which is in line with income growth, we estimate that additional credit accounted for $20 billion of spending above and beyond what is sustainable.
Over the last four quarters, real GDP rose by $421 billion, resulting in a 2.60% annual increase. If we adjust consumption to more normal levels of spending and credit usage, the increase in GDP is a mere 0.71%, hardly robust.
Summary
Can savings decline further and credit increase more? The answer is yes, but to do so savings would hit all-time lows and the rate of credit growth would greatly exceed the rate of income growth. Despite the hype of post-tax reform corporate bonuses, wages and salaries continue to muddle along at a very uninspiring rate. This data further tells the story of an indebted consumer that is being forced to spend more income on non-discretionary items such as rent, education, healthcare and energy and in response is using credit and savings to fund those purchases.
This story will get interesting when the first-quarter 2018 GDP is released and the hangover from the holiday season reveals itself. The revisions to growth are likely to be confounding and broadly rationalized away by stock-friendly analysts. While monthly data has yet to give us any meaningful indications, we suspect personal consumption for the current quarter, and likely many ahead, will be weak.
Comments
The GDP Deflator is a lie.
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPDEF
They'll never teach that in Econ 101
In reply to The GDP Deflator is a lie. by hedgeless_horseman
To borrow from Upton Sinclair, it is difficult to get a government economist to teach something, when his salary depends upon his students not understanding it.
In reply to They'll never teach that in… by Juggernaut x2
These stats are closer to reality:
http://www.shadowstats.com/alternate_data/gross-domestic-product-charts
http://www.shadowstats.com/alternate_data/inflation-charts
In reply to They'll never teach that in… by Juggernaut x2
I like ShadowStats as it provides an alternate quantitative point of view however I doubt ANYONE would really believe that GDP has been nearly consistently negative YoY since 2000.
In reply to These stats are closer to… by peddling-fiction
Since Nixon's EO, the U.S. Dollar was a dead man walking.
It has been propped up by a large stick, resource theft, energy purchases in Dollars and fractional-reserve banking.
Industrial capacity has been moved out and outsourced since the 80's-90's.
Gives 9/11 new meaning.
In reply to I like ShadowStats as it… by Dorado
You want a real measure of GDP? That's baby math. This is a more than necessary and sufficient indicator:
Plot, by decade, the number of single family homes owned outright, occupied, and not rented, in each city in excess of 500,000 people per sq mile and divide by number of occupants.
Witness the decline.
In reply to Since Nixon's EO, the U.S… by peddling-fiction
Bad and Real Economic Growth
1. the billionaires have become trillionaires
2. there are robots envious of your job
3. Amazonification of USA is almost complete
4. giant corporations are taking all political power
5. militarism is for the benefit of militarism
In reply to The GDP Deflator is a lie. by hedgeless_horseman
They seem to confuse GDP growth with inflation when convenient.
Off topic (or maybe not), I see that the news that the government can and will print whatever fiat money it needs to print in the remaining years of the Trump administration - caused another decline in gold and silver.
The good news I guess is that the plunge would have surely been steeper if the deficit-spending had been even greater.
In reply to They seem to confuse GDP… by Grandad Grumps
How can WalMart sell stuff for $1 less than Publix? Am I responsible for anemic GDP? Should I shop at Publix and "goose" the numbers? Let's see. A $4 item at Publix is less than $3 at WalMart. If I buy at Publix, ergo, a 25% increase of GDP.
Everybody shop at Neiman. (Hey, what about Publix?)
Only thing Publix has going for them is their shopping cart's casters operate correctly. Not one cart with a floppy caster... a smooth shopping experience
In reply to How can WalMart sell stuff… by arrowrod
Funny how his Orangeness is now touting unemployment and GDP figures when it suits him. Trump might start draining the swamp by draining the incredible amount of bullshit between his own ears.
Really? That's all you've got. How about some urine stories.
In reply to Funny how his Orangeness is… by Expat
"Real", (at moment) we are still the best looking girl at the dance.
In reply to Funny how his Orangeness is… by Expat
After Congress investigates the memo, does anyone think they will investigate rigged economic stats or rigged markets?
In reply to Funny how his Orangeness is… by Expat
LOL! but no...
In reply to After Congress investigates… by Give Me Some Truth
Trump is having some bad hair days. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=xHbjIFTyLws
In reply to Funny how his Orangeness is… by Expat
There is FAR WORSE rolling out for 'the indebted consumer' unfortunately and this is being carried out by stealth using orwellian explanations of 'all is well, its for your own good....'.
Find out about this Big Picture Hell that is being rolled out for you and your family. ALL ROADS LEAD TO THE ROTHSCHILDS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeJkYovY0AM This affects YOU and your family wherever you are, whoever you are. Know Thy Enemy and their methods (or how can you defend yourself).
Once again---------->EVERY FUCKING THING OUT THERE IS FAKE ECONOMY NEWS! CNBC SOOTHSAYERS ARE OUT IN FULL FORCE TRYING AND PROTECTING THEIR FORTUNES IN DECLINE! STOCK MARKETS DONT QUADRUPLE IN LESS THAN 10 FUCKING YEARS WITHOUT FEDERAL RESERVE FUCKER INTERVENTION LIKE THEY DID. THESE FUCKERS WILL NOW GO TO HELL PISSING PEOPLE OFF WITH THEIR ASSET DECLINE
The real GDP prolly dont wear a suit.
Trump officially outspend Obama
Re: Trump has officially outspent Obama.
And he has 3 more years. The GOP used to somewhat fight Obama's spending proposals. We now see they aren't going to be doing this with Mr Trump. They are now basking in the afterglow of being "bipartisan."
We ain't seen nothing yet on the debt, deficit and spending front. And today's figures don't include any money printing for all the future wars the neocons still want.
In reply to Trump officially outspend… by Cassandra.Hermes
We are in the 0's and 1's stage of Global economic existence.
In reply to Re: Trump has officially… by Give Me Some Truth
https://www.mercatus.org/statefiscalrankings
Moreover, subtract out from the U.S. GDP number the money flushed down the toilet for perpetual Wars to Nowhere, the metastasized Security State, the no-value electron churn financial engineering and the hyper-pathological health care Leviathan.
Americans are a lot less well off than the parasitic crony hacks claim.
Real GDP has been negative quarter after quarter for a decade. Real inflation is at least 7%. The fake GDP numbers are adjusted by a fake 2% inflation.
Did you know that the GDP numbers are adjusted upward for things like the rental value of your home even though you've never rented it out? ALL the economic numbers are fake. That includes unemployment, GDP, inflation, and weekly new jobs numbers.
You can see that the economy is in trouble by all the store closings. Amazon has only 4% of US retail sales so you can't blame it on them. 2017 was a record year for store closings. 2018 is going to be even worse.