Conditions of CBD isomerization in THC
Acid catalysis:
The reaction is carried out in the presence of strong acids (e.g., sulfuric acid H2SO4H2 SO4, toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH), or Lewis acids such as BF3BF3). The acid acts as a catalyst, triggering the rearrangement of the CBD molecule.
Temperature:
Heated to 80-120°C for several hours. The exact parameters depend on the type of acid and solvent.
Solvent:
Organic solvents (e.g., toluene, hexane) are used, which stabilize the intermediate reaction products.
Reaction mechanism:
The acid protonates oxygen in the structure of CBD, which leads to cyclization (ring closure) and the formation of THC. The main product is Δ8Δ8-THC or Δ9Δ9-THC, depending on the conditions.
Challenges and risks
Low exit: Even in the laboratory, the yield of THC rarely exceeds 20-30%, as byproducts (e.g., CBN, polymers) are formed.
Toxicity: Working with acids and organic solvents requires protection (gloves, glasses, hood).
Legality: In most countries, THC synthesis is illegal, even from CBD.
Stability: The resulting THC rapidly degrades under the influence of light, oxygen and heat.
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