/his/ - History

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Tumulus Marker of Kasyapa Matanga with his image and name in Chinese located in Luoyang China's White Horse Temple. 

Kasyapa Matanga was an Indian Buddhist monk who is traditionally believed to have first introduced Buddhism to China in the 1st century CE.

White Horse Temple is a Buddhist temple in Luoyang, Henan that, according to tradition, is the first Buddhist temple in China, having been first established in 68 AD.

An Shigao (安世高) (148-180 CE)[1] was an early Buddhist missionary to China, and the earliest known translator of Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese. According to legend, he was a prince of Parthia, nicknamed the "Parthian Marquess", who renounced his claim to the royal throne of Parthia in order to serve as a Buddhist missionary monk in China.

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Written on strips of bamboo that have miraculously survived intact since 300 B.C., the "Guodian Laozi," is by far the earliest version of the Tao Te Ching ever unearthed.

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The World’s Oldest Surviving Paper Money

Date Range: 1368 - 1399
Denomination: guan
Manufacture: Printed
Material: Paper
Dynasty: Ming

http://numismatics.org/collection/0000.999.52979

 >>/546/
> Marquess
I like these anachronistic translations from Chinese.

 >>/538/
> Hebrew Bible
The Old Testament?

 >>/538/
> Ἡφαιστίων
Based name. I'm guessing not the real one (like how Plato wasn't Plato).

 >>/556/
It says:
> you owe us

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The Spear of Fuchai (吳王夫差矛) is purportedly the spear of King Fuchai of Wu (Reign 495–473 BC), the arch-rival of King Goujian of Yue. It was unearthed in Jiangling, Hubei in November 1983.

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Santu Antine («Святой Константин»), также известный как Sa domo de su re («Дом короля» на сардинском языке) — нураг (древнее мегалитическое сооружение, построенное нурагической цивилизацией) в Торральбе, одно из крупнейших на Сардинии. Он расположен в центре равнины Кабу-Аббас.

Основное сооружение было построено примерно в 19-18 веке до нашей эры. Первоначально главная башня достигала высоты 23–24 метра и содержала три помещения, расположенные друг над другом. Центральная башня диаметром 15 метров имеет высоту 17 метров.

 >>/558/
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ἡφαιστίων

 >>/560/
That's a model of ancient rocket. Chinese was first on the Moon.

 >>/563/
I meant it was a name taken for the purpose, an alias. Okay, Plato was more like a nickname so not entirely the same.

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Large chunk of chiseled obsidian, a so called "core" was found in the sea near Naples.
from the remains of what is likely a Neolithic, or New Stone Age shipwreck near the island of Capri.
weighs almost 17.6 pounds (8 kilograms)
recovered the artifact on Monday (Nov. 20) on the seafloor at a depth of between 100 and 130 feet (30 and 40 meters)
It's not yet known where this obsidian originated, but there are deposits of it on some volcanic islands of the Mediterranean, including the offshore islands of Palmarola, near Naples, and Lipari, near Sicily.

The real artifact would be the boat itself, no chance they'll find any remains of that. Neolithic seafarers used long (~10 meters) canoes, some even had masts with a sail. They're also guessing these were used as catamarans, with dual body.
Neolithic seafaring technology was exemplified by five canoes from the submerged "La Marmotta" site under Lake Bracciano near Rome, which have been dated to between 5690 and 5250 B.C.
https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/chiseled-obsidian-recovered-from-neolithic-shipwreck-near-capris-blue-grotto

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Help!🙂 We have just found this leather object on the south side of the Lendbreen pass. Probably Late Iron Age or Medieval. Any ideas what it could have been used for?

https://twitter.com/brearkeologi/status/1700862848027537481

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The Caligula ring, carved from sapphire and claimed to have belonged to the famous mad emperor who reigned 37-41AD. Unfortunately there is no evidence supporting this claim and many disagree the portrait is even Caesonia, Caligula's wife. It recently sold at auction for £500K.

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Deep bowls from the Incipient Jomon era (11 000 – 7 000 BCE). From Hinamiyama site at Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa. Lent by Yokohama City Board of Education, Kanagawa. Tokyo National Museum.

The pottery vessels crafted in Ancient Japan during the Jōmon period are generally accepted to be the oldest pottery in Japan and among the oldest in the world.

 >>/383/
> Иштар
Это та самая которая на Гильгамеша спустила быка?

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The Barberini Faun. The sculpture was either carved by an unknown Hellenistic sculptor of the Pergamene school, in the late third or early second century BC.

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Порівняйте підписи українських гетьманів і московських царів.

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Death for believers in the Christian faith is not an end, but a preparation for a new birth. Early Christians wished to present themselves in their finest clothes at the moment of resurrection of the body. For women that included hair covering and also shoes.

These exceptionally well-preserved leather women's shoes have a high front coming up to a double lobed extension, and finish at the heel with a high tab. The shoes may have been originally purple or red, and were extensively embellished with gold leaf. The disc-shaped leather motif on the vamp encloses eight smaller circles, these decorated further with embroidered stars.

From Egypt, Coptic period. ca. 300-500 (made)

https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O119560/pair-of-shoes-unknown/

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Magical amber animals from the Mesolithic. Beautiful figurines carved 10,000-7,000 years ago. 

National Museum of Denmark. 

https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-mesolithic-period/magical-amber-animals/

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Late Roman helmet from Burgh Castle, Norfolk, 4th century AD.

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Галька из Макапансгата — красновато-коричневая яшмовая галька весом 260 грамм, с естественными сколами и наносными образованиями, делающими ее похожей на грубо вытесанное лицо.
 
Найдена в пе­ще­ре в отдалении от природных месторождений, в слое с костями африканского австралопитека, возраст оценивается в 2,5-2,9 млн лет.
Это не рукотворный объект, однако распространенная точка зрения связывает камень с деятельностью австралопитеков. Ближайшее к пещере месторождение такой породы — это берег в долине на расстоянии 32 км. Судя по всему, галька привлекла внимание австралопитеков необычными цветом и формой, напоминающей лицо. Подобранная и оставленная в пещере, она, возможно, является самым ранним примером символического мышления и эстетического чувства в прачеловеческом наследии. 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makapansgat_pebble

 >>/576/
Ancient Jpas were cool.

 >>/590/
Elegant. Bit of rotary dial phone pattern.

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An arrowhead made of #meteorite iron: around 1,500 BC, a meteorite struck Estonia. A fragment of it arrived - presumably in the baggage of an amber trader - at what is now Lake Biel, Switzerland. An arrowhead was then made there from the cosmic iron.
From Mörigen, 900-800 BC.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440323001073

 >>/610/
Both meteorite and bog iron were used in regions where they couldn't mine iron.

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Treasure of Amar-Sin (c.2047 BC) King of Ur, c.2040 BC. Copper.

Amar-Sin (Akkadian: 𒀭𒀫𒀭𒂗𒍪: DAmarDSîn, "calf of Sîn", the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine"), initially misread as Bur-Sin (c. 2046–2037 BC middle chronology, or possibly ca. 1982–1973 BC short chronology) was the third ruler of the Ur III Dynasty. He succeeded his father Shulgi (c. 2030–1982 BC). His name translates to 'bull calf of the moon-god'.

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The Bucklersbury Mosaic was found in 1869, dating from 200 - 250 of the Christian Era in the Roman Period. It belonged to a house which once fronted onto Newgate Street in the heart of the Roman city.

When the mosaic was discovered during the building of the road Queen Victoria Street, it was an absolute sensation with thousands of people coming to see it, causing them to put up temporary staging to protect it.
When the mosaic is examined in detail, you can see it splits up into three parts. The first big section is roughly square shaped, with the other end being semi circular and the bit in between is a lovely strip which has the Acanthus scroll with the glowers and the plants coming out of the chalice, linking the two other parts together.
A tribute to the Romans who first laid it, we can appreciate the exquisiteness of this piece particularly shown with the two large interlocking squares which would've been extremely difficult to lay out. Built on very good foundations, including a hypercaust (which is a heated system) meaning it would have had pillars underneath it, and so all made of concrete and tile, creating a very level surface.
A real expression of Roman culture and civilisation, don't miss this beautiful piece of history available to see at the Museum of London.

https://www.facebook.com/museumoflondon/videos/850985153005457/

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Ancient Greek helmet, dated about 460 BCE. Bronze. From Olympia, Greece.  The inscription states that the Argives dedicated the helmet to Zeus as spoil won in battle against  the Corinthians (info from museum caption). The British Museum.

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Gold Stater, Susa (Region: Susiana), 325 BCE–320 BCE

The Obverse shows Athena in a Corinthian-style helmet, with a sphinx design thereon.

The Reverse shows Nike holding a wreath, with the Legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ - 'Of King Alexander'.

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Paris, musee du Louvre - Ceremonial handle: winged ibex in silver, inlaid, gold. Achaemenid Persian period (6th-4th century BC), from Iran.

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Римский кавалерийский шлем, найденный в Неймегене (Нидерланды), датируется 2-й половиной 1-го века нашей эры.

Головная часть шлема сделана из железа и не уцелела, а маска и диадема – из посеребренной латуни и неплохо сохранились.

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The Priest-King, in Pakistan often King-Priest, is a small male figure sculpted in steatite found during the excavation of the ruined Bronze Age city of Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan, in 1925–26. It is dated to around 2000–1900 BCE, in Mohenjo-daro's Late Period, and is "the most famous stone sculpture" of the Indus Valley civilization ("IVC").
Though the name Priest-King is now generally used, it is highly speculative, and "without foundation".

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The serpopard (also known as monstrous lion) is a mythical animal known from ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian art. The word "serpopard" is a modern coinage. It is a portmanteau of "serpent" and "leopard", derived from the interpretation that the creature represents an animal with the body of a leopard and the long neck and head of a serpent. However, they have also been interpreted as "serpent-necked lions". There is no known name for the creature in any ancient texts.

The image is featured specifically on decorated cosmetic palettes from the Predynastic period of Egypt, and more extensively, as design motifs on cylinder seals in the Protoliterate period of Mesopotamia (circa 3500–3000 BC).

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An adorable chubby hippo.
From Thebes/Egypt.

Dating ca. 2040-1782 BC

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Старорусская берестяная грамота № 35 (Ст. Р. 35) — хорошо сохранившаяся берестяная грамота из Старой Руссы. Найдена в 1999 году. Написана  в 1140‒1160 годах.

Содержит послание от Радослава к брату Хотеславу (указание взять деньги у прасола (торговца)), и язвительный ответ Хотеслава.

Текст
ѿ радослава ко хотеславоу възми у прасъла:в҃:гривенеи:е҃:коуно//ѧкове брате еби лежѧ ебехото аесово

В конце записки от Радослава к Хотеславу с просьбой взять у торговца деньги другим почерком приписано: «ѧковебратеебилежѧ» («Якове, брате, еби лежа»). 

Дальше по адресу Якова прибавлены ещё два замысловатых ругательства: ебехота — похотливый, и аесова — «сователь яйца».

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An eight-foot-tall bronze figure was discovered in a pit filled with artifacts at Sanxingdui in 1986. Scholars believe it may depict a priest conducting a ritual.

https://archaeology.org/issues/november-december-2024/features/the-many-faces-of-the-kingdom-of-shu/

Height: 2.62m
Weight: 180kg
Bronze 
Period: the Shang Dynasty(1600-1046 BC)

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The oldest preserved candles north of the Alps. 
They were made from beeswax around 1,400 years ago. 
Found in the early medieval burial site in Oberflacht. The damp environment preserved the candles in good condition. On display at Landesmuseum Württemberg

 >>/651/
Noice. Full candle finds must be rare. People tended to use them up.

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The Trier Gold Hoard is a hoard of 2516 gold coins with a weight of 18.5 kg found in Trier, Germany, in September 1993 during construction works. It is described as the largest preserved Roman gold hoard worldwide. The hoard is on exhibition at the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.

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the bronze portrait head of the Thracian king Seuthes III, discovered in 2004 in the Golyama Kosmatka tumulus in Bulgaria.  310-300 BCE

Seuthes III (Ancient Greek: Σεύθης, Seuthēs) was a Thracian king of Odrysia, during the late 4th century BC.

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A tiny terracotta aryballos (perfume bottle) in the form of a hedgehog. Used for scented oil about 2,550 years ago.

From Naucratis, Egypt. British Museum

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1886-0401-1470

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The Derveni Krater is a volute krater, the most elaborate of its type, discovered in 1962 in a tomb at Derveni, not far from Thessaloniki, and displayed at the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki. Weighing 40 kg, it is made of a bronze with a high tin content of about 15%, which endows it with a superb golden sheen without use of any gold at all. It is dated to the 4th century BC, and was probably made in Athens. Large metalwork vessels are extremely rare survivals in Ancient Greek art, and the Derveni Krater is the outstanding survival from Hellenistic art, as the Vix Krater is from the Archaic period.

Discovery
The krater was discovered buried, as a funerary urn for a Thessalian aristocrat whose name is engraved on the vase: Astiouneios, son of Anaxagoras, from Larissa. Kraters (mixing bowls) were vessels used for mixing undiluted wine with water and probably various spices as well, the drink then being ladled out to fellow banqueters at ritual or festive celebrations. When excavated, the Derveni Krater contained 1968.31 g of burnt bones that belonged to a man aged 35–50 and to a younger woman.

Technique and decoration
The vase is composed of two leaves of metal which were hammered then joined, although the handles and the volutes (scrolls) were cast and attached. The main alloy used gives it a golden colour, but at various points the decoration is worked with different metals as overlays or inlays of silver, copper, bronze and other base metals. Such highlights include the silver garlands of vine and ivy around the krater, the silver and copper stripes on the vipers at the handles, and the silver orbs of the eyes of the volute masks.[4]

The top part of the krater is decorated with motifs both ornamental (gadroons, palm leaves, acanthus, garlands) and figurative: the top of the neck presents a frieze of animals and most of all, four statuettes (two maenads, Dionysus and a sleeping satyr) are casually seated on the shoulders of the vase, in a pose foreshadowing that of the Barberini Faun. On the belly, the frieze in low relief, 32.6 cm tall, is devoted to the divinities Ariadne and Dionysus, surrounded by revelling satyrs and maenads of the Bacchic thiasus, or ecstatic retinue. There is also a warrior wearing only one sandal, whose identity is disputed: Pentheus, Lycurgus of Thrace, or perhaps the "one-sandalled" Jason of Argonaut fame.

Dating
The exact date and place of making are disputed. Barr-Sharrar thinks it was made around 370 BC in Athens. Based on the dialectal forms used in the inscription, some commentators think it was fabricated in Thessaly at the time of the revolt of the Aleuadae, around 350 BC. Others date it between 330 and 320 BC and credit it to bronzesmiths of the royal court of Alexander the Great.

Material Bronze
Height	90.5 centimetres
Weight	40 kilograms 
Writing	Funerary inscription in the Thessalian dialect of ancient Greek
Created	4th century BC
Discovered	1962
Derveni 40°43′13″N 22°58′17.2″E

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The Derveni papyrus is an Ancient Greek papyrus roll that was discovered in 1962 at the archaeological site of Derveni, near Thessaloniki, in Central Macedonia. A philosophical treatise, the text is an allegorical commentary on an Orphic poem, a theogony concerning the birth of the gods, produced in the circle of the philosopher Anaxagoras. 

The roll dates to around 340 BC, during the reign of Philip II of Macedon, making it Europe's oldest surviving manuscript.

The poem itself was originally composed near the end of the 5th century BC, and "in the fields of Greek religion, the sophistic movement, early philosophy, and the origins of literary criticism it is unquestionably the most important textual discovery of the 20th century.

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Roman Cast Glass Bowl with Blue and White Canes (100–1 BC), from Gaul region (now in modern France).
Mosaic glass vessels are among the most colorful ancient containers. They were formed by fusing numerous slices or ribbons (lengths) of cane in molds until they melted together into a swirl of colors, as seen on this blue and white bowl. Roman mosaic glass later inspired Venetian glassmakers to create millefiori (Italian for "thousand flowers").

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The Minoan decorated ritual "Ewer From Poros" with marine reliefs , Poros Heraklion 1450 BC

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Маленькая фигурка медвежонка, вырезанная из янтаря, возрастом около 6000 лет. 
В фигурке есть дырочка под шнурок, вероятно его носили в качестве амулета.

Обнаружен на торфяном болоте недалеко от Слупска на севере Польши.

https://muzeum.szczecin.pl/en/collections/archaeology/stone-age.html

https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/slupcio-a-6-000-year-old-amber-gummy-bear-that-may-have-been-a-stone-age-amulet

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Бородинский клад (Бессарабский клад) ― находка близ села Бородино Аккерманского уезда Бессарабской губернии (сейчас в Тарутинском районе Одесской области, Украина), состоящая из предметов вооружения из серебра, бронзы и других драгоценных материалов. Относится к Сейминско-турбинскому феномену.

Клад был обнаружен местными крестьянами, которые передали его в полицию.

Клад датируется началом второй половины II тыс. до н. э.
Содержит предметы вооружения: 6 каменных отшлифованных нефритовых боевых топоров, 2 серебряных и бронзовых наконечника копий и одну втулку от копья, бронзовый с золотой накладкой кинжал, массивную серебряную булавку, 3 навершия булав из мыльного камня.

Найденные предметы относятся к разным культурам: так, копья более характерны для поволжского Турбинского могильника, булавы более присущи Северному Кавказу, булавка и кинжал скорее типичны для эгейской цивилизации, нефрит вообще неизвестного происхождения. Напрашивается версия: эти предметы оказались у одного человека, скорее всего, в результате военных походов или в результате ограблений захоронений (такое было и в древности).

Самое тяжёлое копьё имеет длину в 34,1 см и весит 519,1 г, изготовлено из высокопробного серебра 916 пробы.

Другое копьё меньших размеров весит 280,8 г, сделано из низкопробного серебра 400 пробы ― сплав серебра и меди. Спектральный анализ металла копья определил источник поступления металла: Никольское месторождение серебра и Приуралье.

Копья, технически состоящие из пера, втулки, ушек и петли, отлиты целиком в двусторонних литейных формах. Эта техника литья говорит об определённом уровне развития тогдашней отливки. Сначала круглый стержень пера был откован и превращен в четко выступающее ребро. Лезвия копий были оттянуты и хорошо прокованы. Края лезвий заточены не полностью, а лишь в верхней, ближней к острию, части пера. По-видимому, серебряные копья берегли и старались не терять дорогого металла при заточке. После отливки поверхность копий отшлифована, неизвестный мастер убрал все литейные швы, поверхность заровнял и отшлифовал.

На поверхность пера первого копья и трёх втулок нанесен орнамент. Делалось это явно миниатюрными плоскими и круглыми чеканами. Все втулки копий украшены тонкой нарезкой и инкрустированы листовым золотом 750 пробы. Орнаменты выполнены в одной технике и одними и теми же художественными приемами. Сначала мастер чеканил узоры на серебряной основе копья, затем на орнамент накладывалась тонкая золотая пластина, настолько тонкая, что на инкрустацию всех трёх втулок было затрачено чуть больше 5 г листового золота. Изготовление тонкого листового золота тоже не было простым. На золотую накладку вторично наносили узор, во всех деталях повторяющий орнамент, нанесенный на серебряную основу копья. Получалось, что все линии на золотой пластине соответствовали линиям, нанесенным на серебро. Золото заполняло углубления в серебре и содействовало закреплению золотой пластинки на копье. Эта технология была известна уже в древних культурах Передней Азии.

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Statuette of a Hippo
This faience hippo statuette was found in Dra’ Abu el-Naga’ in western Thebes. The glossy blue glaze is the color of the Nile, where the animal lived, and the decoration shows various representations of fauna and flora that grew by the river.

The flowers, papyrus plants, and perching birds are depicted in black, linear forms. Such animal figurines were popular in tombs of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period. The hippopotamus was associated with the fertility of the Nile mud or silt.

Middle Kingdom, 11th Dynasty, ca. 2134-1991 BC. Made of Egyptian faience. Height 11.5 cm, length 21.5 cm. Excavation by Auguste Mariette (1860). Now in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. JE 21365

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 >>/1753/
Hippos are best.

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Ululam Athenas ferre - везти сову в Афины.
Латинский перевод греческой поговорки. Смысл тот же, что в  поговорке - ехать в Тулу со своим самоваром.  Греки обожали сов.

Древнегреческий глиняный арибалл (фляга для духов) в форме маленькой совушки. 
Датировано 640 г. до н.э. 
Лувр