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Catholics will say that Peter and Paul came to Rome and founded the Catholic church with Peter as the first pope. However, apostolic succession is literally denied by Paul himself. Acts 20:29 "grievous wolves shall arise from among you".
Essentially, the early church theologians started adopting Platonic and Noahide ideas about Scripture. They taught that earthly might (in other terms, the power process) is not worth seeking and this idea of an eternal soul, that heaven was actually just eternal life as a soul, veganism, the trinity, etc., and most importantly denied that the actual Levitical Laws should even be followed anymore, which plunged the church into moral relativism. After Constantine converted Rome into Christianity, the bishops and monks began enforcing these doctrines, leading to judgement on Rome, the split into the Byzantine and Western Roman empire, with Arian Germanic tribes later sacking Rome. After Justinian reconquered Rome, he made the Bishop there, whom claimed succession from Peter the universal Bishop of all Christians, thus instituting the papacy, which enforced these Noahide laws on the entire church. The Orthodox church, though they were also Noahides split from the pope over the Filioque doctrine which created the modern Catholic church as it is today with the pope as the head.
And just a tack on since this theory of the mark of the beast being a chip is flying around so much, it was actually fulfilled with medieval excommunication. Deuteronomy 6:8 referred to the Law as a "mark on your right hand". Thus the mark of the beast is naturally a Satanic version of that; i.e. sinning or not following the Laws. Since the church has prohibited people from observing the Laws in the Council of Laodicea, people who followed the Law were excommunicated, which prohibited the excommunicated from buying and selling, exactly as Revelation 13 states via Civilia Jura.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05678a.htm
> Civilia jura, i.e. the ordinary relations between members of the same society, outside of sacred and judicial matters. This privation, affecting particularly the person excommunicated, is no longer imposed on the faithful except in regard to the vitandi. The medieval canonists enumerated the prohibited civil relations in the following verse:
> Os, orare, vale, communio, mensa negatur,
> namely:
> (a) conversations, exchange of letters, tokens of benevolence (osculum);
> (b) prayer in common with the excommunicated;
> (c) marks of honour and respect;
> (d) business and social relations;
> (e) meals with the excommunicated.